China, explained.
Chinese President Xi Jinping (left) and Premier Li Keqiang in at the Great Hall of the People on 20 March 2018 in Beijing, China (Photo by Lintao Zhang/Getty)
Amid whispers of possible infighting, President Xi Jinping remains powerful while Premier Li Keqiang seeks gains.
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China: vaccines and rumours from ZhongnanhaiChina: vaccines and rumours from Zhongnanhai
Last week, rumours began swirling around Beijing about possible factional infighting within the Chinese Government involving President Xi Jinping and Premier Li Keqiang.
The rumours seemed troubling, with Chinese commentator Li Yee saying:
Online reports last Friday night [13 July 2018] claimed that gunfire lasting some forty minutes had been heard in the vicinity of the south-east Second Ring Road of Beijing [outside Zuo’an Men]. It was claimed that anti–Xi Jinping groups had forged a consensus to overthrow the Chairman and that dramatic events were about to unfold in the Chinese capital.
The talk seemed outlandish, which lent itself well to cynicism. Famed China-watcher Bill Bishop wrote:
Sounds to me like a different version of the ‘China Fantasy’, rooted in the search for the mythical Chinese Gorbachev.
Although Bishop wasn’t willing to dismiss the rumours entirely:
[G]iven that elite politics are more opaque than they have been in years, it is certainly possible something strange is going on.
With the gossip unable to be refuted, speculation mounted:
The compound that houses the headquarters of the Chinese Communist Party and the State Council – a walled-off part of central Beijing – looks to be on a war footing. The irregular signals that have come out of the former imperial garden, known as Zhongnanhai, over the past few weeks hint that tensions are mounting behind the bamboo curtain.
The theorising, however, was accompanied by astute observations from Nikkei journalist Katsuji Nakazawa:
For the past six years, since Xi came to power, Zhongnanhai has been ruled from the southern side of the premises, the home to party headquarters, where Xi has his office. The north side, where Li’s State Council is based, has been the weaker flank.
The combination of rumour and insight often comes at this time of year:
We are less than a month away from the expected Beidaihe meetings and as always in advance of that mysterious conclave the rumours begin to fly in July.
However, this time may be different. Within Chinese society, Nikkei reporter Oki Nagai noticed something different:
The political mood in China shifted on July 4, when a young woman live-streamed herself splashing ink on a Xi poster to protest the ‘tyranny’ and ‘brain control’ imposed by his government. The video quickly went viral. She went missing after tweeting a photo of uniformed men outside her door, and is believed to have been detained … The incident opened the floodgates for further condemnation of Xi.
Just as citizens were getting frustrated with Xi, a scandal broke. In Jilin province, 250,000 rabies vaccines were found to be defective.
Who came to the rescue? Not Xi. On the vaccine issue, Li came to the fore via the microblogging site Weibo page* of the People’s Daily:
[T]here must be a clear explanation to every citizen of the nation.
After attracting more than 400,000 likes and 100,000 shares on Weibo, Li then took a higher profile on state media.
He was allotted time on CCTV’s nightly broadcast, and Xinhua portrayed him as determined:
The truth must be found as soon as possible, Li said, vowing severe punishment and zero tolerance toward whichever enterprise and whoever involved. The premier pledged to crackdown hard on illicit and criminal activities that compromise people’s health and safety, harshly punish offenders, and resolutely hold people who neglect their supervisory duties accountable to give the people a safe and trustworthy living environment.
Despite a more visible Li Keqiang, Xi Jinping was still on the front pages of the People’s Daily. However, the language about Xi was bureaucratic and focused on his state visits to the Middle East and Africa.
In South Africa, the diplomatic language about Xi continued:
Xi Jinping appreciates President Cyril Ramaphosa’s success in pushing forward with Sino-South African relations and promoting development in bilateral relations. Xi Jinping pointed out that China and South Africa are both inherently important medium-to-large countries and emerging markets.
Back in China, with the vaccine scandal raging on, Li was elevated to near-on-equal status with Xi in the state media:
Based on Xi Jinping’s instructions and Li Keqiang’s demands, the State Council has implemented a specialised working mechanism and sent an investigative team to be stationed in the Changchun Changsheng Biotechnology Company to conduct an investigation.
With Xi in Africa and Li in Beijing, the northern side of Zhongnanhai may be trying to wrangle back some of the power it lost from the southern side. In other words, the State Council and Li Keqiang could be taking a more prominent role with Xi Jinping and party headquarters under pressure.
Nevertheless, a dose of scepticism is needed:
[T]he Xi administration appears to be on solid ground. He left for a 10-day trip to Africa on Thursday, and it is unusual for a Chinese leader to leave the country in times of instability.
Given that Xi did leave Beijing for the Middle East and Africa, there may not be as much social discord or state-party fighting in China as has been suggested. However, it certainly looks as if Li is regaining some of the relevance and credibility he lost in recent years.
Li is not gaining power while Xi is losing power, rather Xi remains powerful and Li is trying to gain some power at the same time.
* This reference was amended following publication to clarify the source of the Weibo page.
Charlie Lyons Jones , Merriden Varrall
About the authors
Merriden Varrall
Dr Merriden Varrall is a Nonresident Fellow at the Lowy Institute.
Charles Lyons-Jones
Charles Lyons-Jones is a Research Fellow in the Lowy Institute’s Foreign Policy and Public Opinion Program. He oversees the annual Lowy Institute Poll and the Global Diplomacy Index.
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