Asia, explained.
Indonesia alone has more than 125 million active TikTok accounts, making it the second-largest market worldwide (Rubaitul Azad/Unsplash)
With Western nations cracking down on the wildly popular app, does Beijing have its sights set on the developing markets?
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How Trump’s $14 billion TikTok tug-of-war affects AsiaHow Trump’s $14 billion TikTok tug-of-war affects Asia
When Donald Trump signed an executive order on 25 September forcing the sale of social media platform TikTok’s US operations, he wasn’t just settling a domestic tech controversy, he was pulling the world’s most downloaded app into the centre of great-power politics. For years, Washington has warned that TikTok, owned by China’s ByteDance, posed a national security risk. Now, instead of an outright ban, the White House has engineered a compromise: a partial takeover by American investors led by Oracle, Silver Lake, and MGX, who now hold 45 per cent of TikTok’s US entity.
Trump declared victory, calling the deal a “win for national security and free expression”. Valued at US$14.4 billion, the forced sale is one of the most contentious tech transactions of the decade. Domestically, it allows Trump to appear tough on China while avoiding the backlash of cutting off an app beloved by more than 170 million Americans. The move also bolsters his campaign narrative ahead of the 2026 midterm elections, presenting him as the only leader capable of reining in Chinese tech power. At the same time, critics argue the White House has set a dangerous precedent by politicising corporate ownership, leaving allies and rivals alike wary of Washington’s reach into global business.
The TikTok battle extends far beyond Washington and Beijing. The Asia-Pacific region is the beating heart of the platform’s user base.
TikTok is no longer simply about dance videos and viral memes; it has become a test case for who controls the global digital ecosystem. Washington fears Beijing could weaponise TikTok for propaganda or data collection. Beijing, in turn, accuses the United States of economic coercion under the guise of national security. Oracle’s role as both investor and cloud provider means US user data will remain stored domestically, reducing cross-border transfer risks. Yet for China, this is a warning shot: even its most successful global platform can be reshaped under US pressure.
The TikTok battle extends far beyond Washington and Beijing. The Asia-Pacific region is the beating heart of the platform’s user base. Indonesia alone has more than 125 million active accounts, making it the second-largest TikTok market worldwide. In India, TikTok was once a cultural phenomenon before being banned in 2020 amid border clashes with China. From the Philippines to Vietnam, the app has exploded among young, mobile-first populations.
For US allies such as Australia and Japan, TikTok’s presence mirrors earlier debates over Huawei’s 5G networks: is engagement with Chinese digital platforms compatible with national security? Canberra has already taken steps to tighten its cybersecurity posture, framing digital sovereignty as part of its broader Indo-Pacific strategy. TikTok is increasingly discussed not only as a cultural issue but as a potential weak link in the protection of democratic processes.
US President Donald Trump signs proclamations and Executive Orders, including an approval of a partial sale of TikTok’s US operations, Washington, DC, 25 September 2025 (Joyce N. Boghosian/White House/Flickr)
Southeast Asia is emerging as the next battleground. If US pressure dilutes Chinese control of TikTok in the West, Beijing is likely to double down on developing markets. Under the banner of its “Digital Silk Road”, China is investing heavily in telecom networks, data centres, and AI infrastructure. TikTok is the perfect soft-power vehicle to pair with those hard assets.
Unlike Huawei or ZTE, TikTok is about cultural exports, not hardware. Its algorithm is a machine of influence, capable of pushing music, fashion, and even political narratives across borders. In Southeast Asia, TikTok has already become a tool for political campaigns, public messaging, and digital diplomacy. That reach alarms Washington, which worries that Beijing could shape narratives on Taiwan, the South China Sea, or even foreign elections.
For Beijing, TikTok’s global success proves Chinese firms can rival Silicon Valley not only in hardware but also in shaping digital culture. It validates years of state-backed investment in the digital economy, where content platforms are seen as strategic assets alongside semiconductors and 5G. Chinese officials often frame TikTok as evidence that “cultural confidence” can translate into global influence, turning entertainment into a subtle form of diplomacy. Yet this very success intensifies scrutiny abroad, as governments question whether Beijing’s cultural exports can ever be separated from its geopolitical ambitions.
The TikTok saga in the United States is a cautionary tale: digital power is inseparable from geopolitical leverage.
The US deal eases short-term confrontation, but the underlying rivalry is untouched. Washington has shown it can dictate the fate of Chinese tech champions. Beijing now has every incentive to accelerate its “dual circulation” strategy, fortifying the domestic market while pushing aggressively into Asia, Africa, and Latin America. TikTok may be partially tamed in the United States, but it could well become more assertive in the Global South, where regulatory oversight is weaker and the hunger for digital platforms is stronger.
Indonesia sits at the crossroads of this global drama. TikTok has reshaped its digital economy, with TikTok Shop transforming small businesses and creator monetisation worth billions. Yet the political dimension is increasingly visible. In early September 2025, TikTok suspended its live-streaming feature in Indonesia during massive street protests, sparking fierce debate. Was the company bowing to government pressure or protecting itself from accusations of fueling unrest? Either way, it highlighted how fragile digital sovereignty can be when public communication depends on foreign platforms.
For Jakarta, the challenge is balancing opportunity and vulnerability. TikTok drives e-commerce and creativity but raises questions about data security and dependency. Within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the push for a Digital Masterplan emphasises data sovereignty and cybersecurity. The TikTok saga in the United States is a cautionary tale: digital power is inseparable from geopolitical leverage.
TikTok has become a mirror of our era, where entertainment, economics, and geopolitics blur into one. Trump’s forced sale may be hailed as a US victory, but it also cements TikTok’s role as a geopolitical chess piece. For the Asia-Pacific, the stakes are even higher: the region is not just a market but the future frontline of digital influence.
The real question is not only who controls TikTok but also whether the world, especially Asia, can harness the economic benefits of digital platforms without surrendering sovereignty to great-power rivalry. In the 21st-century tech contest, TikTok is just one chapter, but one that could shape the balance of digital power for years to come.
About the author
Akhmad Hanan
Akhmad Hanan is an independent Indonesian researcher specialising in geopolitics and energy.
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